Today Indian English Literature achieve certain hight among
the world literature. Along with it Indian writers also gain worldwide fame.
While talking about Indian writing in English, the name of Arundhati Roy pops up
in the mind. Her full name is Suzanna Arundhati Roy but she is widely known as
Arundhati Roy. She is ever known for her award-winning novel The God of Small
Things published in 1997. Besides being author she is also a political
activist. This is the reason why we find political dimensions in her novels.
Also, she speaks out very bravely on every political matter.
Her famous works are:
1) The God of Small
Things
2) The Ministry of
Utmost Happiness
3) Ordinary
Person's guide to empire
In her work, "The God of Small Things" she speaks mainly
about her own childhood experiences. Mainly the story is constructed about twins
named Estha and Rhea.
She remains in the debate because of her work "The Ministry of
Utmost Happiness". In this, she dares to portray the Aftab as the third gender.
In this novel, we can find lots of political dimensions. She referred Narendra Modi
as Gujarat ka Lalla, Manmohan Singh as Caged Rabbit, Atal Bihari Vajpeyi as the
Lipsing Poet PM and Arvind Kejarival as Mister Agrval. In such a way she is doing
hard-hitting on political events.
As being a political essayist she also takes up radical causes not
only in India but internationally. She takes issues like the nuclear tests and
the Sardar Sarovar Project in India and America's military engagements in Iraq
and Afghanistan.
After seeing her work it can be concluded that she is more
interested in political changes in India and maybe this is the reason behind
she brings out political notions in her novel.
In this ongoing technological era, every day
we become familiar with a new kind of technology. Almost everything from
education to shopping becomes online. There are many software developed for
bringing a new education system. It is not the era in which only we can
teach or learn in the classroom with chalk and blackboard but we can also learn by
accessing certain apps and websites which are available on the digital platform.
many traditional people do not like this idea because it creates a threat to
their position. But there are people like Sugata Mitra and Salman Khan who
thinks about the welfare of the young generation.
Changing Paradigms by Ken
Robinson
In this video, he talks about changing the education system of the country and two factors that affect the changing phase of the education system. Economic and Culture, these are two factors. He also talks
about the current education system that was designed for different ages. He
says about twin pillars of economic and intellectual. Academic people are
considered as smart while nonacademic people are considered as non-smart. This
is not true in this age. If we look at sports personalities or celebrities, they are
not much educated but they are smart and earn a lot of money. And at a last, he
also satirizes on the current education system because it believes that education
is only for pass exams not to develop critical thinking.
Sugata Mitra: on SOLE and future of learning
He is a well-known personality his school
on the cloud is a learning lab in India. On this platform, one can learn from
each other by using resources. In his project, he gave an idea of SOLE.
SOLE- Self Organized language Environment.
He
started his project in the slum area where he put a computer on the wall and after
that out of curiosity children started to learn it by themselves. This supports
the idea of self-learning. He also talks about examination threats and punishment.
He also contrasted the old and newer education system. In the new system use of
technology can help the teacher to bring the world in the classroom. For the
future he also gave a new idea of an examination system which is good than the older
examination system.
Salman Khan: Let's use
video to reinvent education
Video
is a new form of learning anywhere and at any place without the help of any
teacher. The important matter is that this system encourages a student to do
homework in class and learn at home. For example, a student can learn at home by
viewing the video and ask the questions to the teacher in the classroom. On his application
Khan Academy provides different courses. Anyone can join it at free of
cost. And I like that it also provides a transcript of the video. And all videos are
designed as someone is writing on the board. So if anyone likes to teach in that
manner, they also like the video. He also talks about his personal experience
behind founding Khan Academy.
Marc Prensky: Digital
Natives and immigration
Here
he used the word digital natives for the students who used technology in a good
manner. In the 21st century almost every young student use technology. In our
department also we use mobile phones and laptops to learn something new. Also,
there is fun in learning through technology. We use T.V and mobile phones for
teaching or playing video games. Almost everyone started to use facebook and
Whatsapp. These are known as digital natives while digital Immigrant does not
like this idea.
David Crystal: The Effect
of New Technologies on English
There
are some traditional people who do not like technology. Because with the help
of the internet there are some changes occur in the English language. Internet and
communication tools such as Whatsapp, facebook, twitter, and Instagram create a new
form of language. It is known as slang words also. Our conversation becomes very
short.
Good Morning- gm
Good Night- gn
I Don't Know- IDK
In this way, he talks about the changing effect of new
technologies in English.
David Crystal: The
Biggest Challenge for English Language Teachers in the times of Internet and
Texting is 'Good' for
English Language
Because
of the generation gap, we can find this problem in any classroom. With the help
of technology, everything is changing every day. So that teacher has to be
familiar with everyday changes. So he can teach students in a better way. Also,
some teachers do not allow us to use a mobile phone in the classroom. It may
become an obstacle in the learning process. If the teacher only teaches a particular
France or Britain English with the correct pronunciation. It also happens that
a student cannot communicate with the world. He also says that by texting also we
can learn the language. Whatsapp, Twitter, and Facebook are tools where we can
learn by texting also. So here the texting is not only for a kid. Younger people
can also learn through it.
Nowadays for reading and extra information, we prefer to read on online web resources as we access it in a few seconds but if we are looking for academic and research work, surely certain questions and confusions regarding authenticity of work may be raised in our mind.
Is everything reliable for academic reading on the internet?
Answer: Yes, no, maybe no, maybe yes.
How can we identify for our reading when we are writing assignments
and research paper?
(Workshop)
Turnitin is an American commercial, Internet-based
plagiarism detection service. it'sfounded in 1998 by four university students as a peer review application.
In 2000 Turnitin.com launched and introduced a plagiarism prevention service.
As per Turnitin's report and research, we can evaluate and check the authenticity of reading sources on websites.
The rubric is built on five criteria:
• Authority: Is
the site well regarded, cited, and written by experts in the field?
• Educational Value:
Does the site content help advance educational goals?
• Intent: Is
the site a well-respected source of content intended to inform users?
• Originality: Is the
site a source of original content and viewpoints?
• Quality: Is
the site highly vetted with good coverage of the topical area?
I have evaluated Article and about blog of Ashvinsir Chauhan and
Dilipsir Barad with the help of given five criteria in rubric by Turnitin.
Authoritative:- He is a professor of Gujarat Vidhyapith. He did proper citation on work and his blog, articles, and travelogs are mentioned with reference and also personal experience so I have given 3 points. Educational value:- His some blogs give deep thinking and also questions raised in our mind so his blog regarded the source of content that meets instructional goals. Intent:- his intent to give a good source of information so 3 points. Originality:- In some blog, he mentioned book page number also for authenticity, some details retweeted by other writers with reference, combining it with repurposed content so 2 points. Quality:- it can be found good content with wide area
coverage.
Dilipsir Barad's blog
Points
0 to 4 Points
Authoritative
4
Educational Value
3.5
Intent
3
Originality
2
Quality
3.5
વાંચન માટે પુસ્તકાલય કરતાં ઈન્ટરનેટનો ઉપયોગ વધી રહ્યો છે કારણકે આંગળીના ટેરવા પર હવે લાઇબ્રેરી આવી ગઈ છે. જાણકારી મેળવવા અને મનોરંજન માટે વાંચન કરવામાં આવે છે પણ જ્યારે વાત હોય અભ્યાસની તો આ ડિજિટલ યુગમાં અસાઈમેન્ટ અને રિસર્ચ પેપર માટે ઓનલાઇન વાંચન માટેની વિશ્વાસપાત્રતા કેટલી કરી શકાય ? શું બ્લોગ, વેબસાઇટ્સ અને વિવિધ ઓનલાઇન પ્લેટફોર્મ અભ્યાસ માટેના વાંચનની યોગ્યતા ધરાવે છે ?તો તેનો જવાબ હા પણ અને ના પણ તો તે વિશ્વસનીયતા કેવી રીતે નક્કી કરી શકાય ?
ટર્નીટીનના (Turnitin) રિપોર્ટ અને રિસર્ચ પ્રમાણેના આંકડાઓ અને માહિતી પ્રમાણે વિદ્યાર્થીઓ વાંચન અને સંશોધન માટે કઈ વેબસાઇટ વધુ પસંદ કરે છે ? શા માટે કરે છે ? અને સાથે વાંચન માટેની ગુણવત્તા કેવી રીતે નક્કી કરી શકાય તે આ પાંચ મૂલ્યો થકી રજૂ કરી છે.
૧)પ્રમાણભૂત ૨)શેક્ષણીક મૂલ્ય૩)ઉદ્દેશ ૪) મૂળતત્વતા અને ૫)ગુણવત્તા.
પ્રમાણભૂત અને મૂળતત્વતા
વેબસાઇટ કે બ્લોગ લખનાર તજજ્ઞ છે કે વિદ્યાર્થી તે જાણવું જરૂરી છે.હા ગુણવત્તા તો વિદ્યાર્થીના લખાણમાં પણ હોય શકે તો તેને ગુણવત્તામાં વધુ પોઇન્ટ આપી શકાય છે પણ પ્રમાણભૂત તરીકે નિષ્ણાતની વાત વધુ માની શકાય જો તે સંપર્ણપણે વિગતો અને સંદર્ભ સાથે રજૂ કરે છે.
શેક્ષણીક મૂલ્ય આપવામાં આવતી માહિતીઓ માત્ર જાણકારી આપવા કરતા તમે જે વાંચો છો તે તમને સર્જનાત્મકતા માટે કેટલું વિચારવા પ્રેરે છે ? શું તે તમને ટીકાત્મક વલણ વિચારવા તક આપે છે ? જો તમે ઉંડાણપૂર્વક વિચારીને સંશોધન કરી શકતા હોય અને અવનવા વિચારો સાથે લખી શકતા હોય તો તેની ગુણવત્તા સારી કહેવાય. ઉદ્દેશ શૈક્ષણિક વેબસાઈટ કે બ્લોગ પર શિક્ષણને વેપાર તરીકે હથિયાર બનાવીને જાહેરાતો મૂકી રૂપિયા રળવામાં આવે તો તેને યોગ્ય ઠેરવી શકાય નહિ. મૂળતત્વતા મુકવામાં આવેલ સાહિત્યના મૂળ સુધી પહોંચવા માટે વિગતપૂર્વક સંદર્ભ આપ્યો હોય તો તેને યોગ્ય ગણી શકાય. ગુણવત્તા આ સાહિત્ય વિશાળ ક્ષેત્રને આવરી લે તો તે સારું ગણાય.વાત હોય ગુણવત્તા અને સત્યતાની તો સંદર્ભ સાથે સરખાવીને માપી શકાય.
The
term communication is derived from the
Latin word “Communis” which means to share.
Definition
"Communication
is the transfer of information from one person to another, whether or not it
elicits confidence. But the information transferred must be understandable to
the receiver"
– G.G. Brown.
Meaning
The
Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the form of ideas,
thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two or more persons,
with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
Example-
When
we are crossing a road with the bike at that time if we give just look and nodding
our head than others will understand that we have given permission to them so he
will cross before us. If we give just a symbol of hand than we can cross first.
Importance- Communication
plays an important role in making interaction faster in our daily life. Teachers
and students need to communicate with one another for education. Businessmen must
grip on speech to develop business, for good management, to use technology,
etc... without communication, we cannot even think about life.
Process of Communication
These are various tools between the sender and receiver
for communication
Sender
Speaking
Drawing
Acting
Symbol
Word
Action
Picture
Number
Receiving
Listening
Observing
Reading
üI am using the platform
of daily schedule program for live communication
üSocial sites like Facebook,
Instagram, Whatsapp, Youtube
üFor the academic purpose- Blog,
Slideshare, Linkin, Gmail...
Representations of Natives by Colonizer in
A Grain of Wheat and Robinson Crusoe
A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi Wa Thiong’o
Ngugi Wa Thiong’o known for showing his
concern for native poor people. In A Grain of Wheat also he showcases his
concern towards the poor. The plot revolves around his home village’s preparations
for Kenya’s independence day celebration, Uhuru day. This work presented a
conflict between white and black. The West was known as a white civilized culture
as well as they had the power to colonize the others. The rest are considered as
nonwhite people and they were colonized by white people. This novel talks
about the Mau Mau Rebellion and its Physical and Psychological impacts upon the
mind of people.
In this novel
the character of Mumbi symbolizes Africa’s struggle for identity. Mumbi’s
identity is defined by her relations with two men, in the same manner, Africa’s
identity defined by traditional tribal lifestyles of African and their customs
that grew up through countless eons.
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
Robinson: White civilized man
Friday: Carribean uncivilized man
In this novel Daniel Defoe introduced two
most enduring character of English literature to show the colonizer and
colonized relationship. Throughout the novel we can see the master slave
relationship between Robinson and Friday.
Friday was saved by Robinson and he gave him the name Christian name Friday
without asking him anything. This is the beginning of his rule over Friday. He taught him the English language. He addressed Friday as
my man but not to show his feelings towards him from the bottom of heart but to
show him only as his slave who used to do anything for him.
“…..my man Friday accompanying me very honestly in all
these ramblings, and proving a most faithful servant upon all occasions.”
(From Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe)
Here the word my man indicated a very sense of
‘servility’ on Friday’s part and ‘ownership’ on Crusoe’s part.
Robinson Crusoe(white man) showed his ownership on
Friday(Negro) who was not technically a slave.
As he discovered an island and owned it, in the same way, he saved Friday and
owner him. Robinson Crusoe tried to refashion the Friday and Island.
His way of establishing gradual controlled over the island and his treatment of
Friday made him an archetype of colonization.
Thus Robinson as a white man looks at himself as superior
and Friday as the Caribbean to the inferior of him and believed that by making
clothes and teaching an English language to Friday, he would make him civilized
like him.
