Diaspora
Prepared by: Dhaval Diyora
Roll No: 05
Paper – 7: The literary criticism and theory-2
M.A (English): Sem -2
Enrollment No: 2069108420190013
Batch: 2018-20
Email: d.d.diyora@gmail.com
Submitted to: Smt .S. B Gardi, Department of English, MK Bhavnagar University.
Topic: Diaspora
Term 'Diaspora'
The term Diaspora comes from an ancient Greek word meaning "to scatter about." And that's exactly what the people of a diaspora do — they scatter from their homeland to places across the globe, spreading their culture as they go. The Bible refers to the Diaspora of Jews exiled from Israel by the Babylonians. But the word is now also used more generally to describe any large migration of refugees, language, or culture.
Types of Diaspora
Victim Diaspora
Victim Diaspora: A class of people who have been banished from their place of origin and sent to another land. Usually a result of a traumatic event, like conquest, persecution, enslavement, genocide or exile.
EX: Africans in the North Atlantic Slave Trade
Trading Diaspora
A community, often members of an extended family, goes abroad to conduct trade in a host society. The 'family firm'. They receive permission from the host gov, learn local language and customs, but do not assimilate.
EX: Jews, Armenians, Chinese, Arabs, Indians
Imperial Diaspora
Migrants who go to another land that has been conquered by their own nation and enjoy higher status on account of their ethnic ties to the ruling power. Do not adapt to customs, locals adapt to their customs.
EX: The Spanish and the Indians, Mexico's caste system
Labor Diaspora: Indentured servants and labor migrants
EX:
Labor Diaspora
Indentured servants and labor migrants
EX: colonial America
Diaspora of Romani People
Diaspora is large scale movement by people from one place to another, it may permanently or temporarily to live life. Some time migration happened forcefully by the ruler in the past. Romani community is one of them.
“Nostalgia is Luxury for others”
-Roma Peoples
One community of the world those; who are suffering from psychological disorders. They are living in Europe, Romania, Hungary, Spain, Turkey, Serbia, and Slovakia but if you ask them where is your hometown? Then they haven’t answer to give you, they just say that we are from “Boro-than” (Bada-Sthan) but where is that Place???
They are known as Kale (Cale) People in Finland, Portugal, “Manush” in France, “Sinti” in Central and Eastern Europe.
One flag, one language, one behavior and one dream of these people that one day they will go to their hometown and people will accept them. Only a few people know about this community and their tale of travel, persecution, and survival.
"Roma came from a single group that left northwestern India about 1,500 years ago. They reached the Balkans about 900 years ago and then spread throughout Europe. The Roma were "genetically similar to other Europeans." Contemporary populations suggested as sharing a close relationship to the Romani are the Dom people of Western Asia and North Africa, and the Banjara of India.
Genetic evidence supports the medieval migration from India.
It has also been suggested that emigration from India may have taken place in the context of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire. The 11th-century terminus post quem is due to the Romani language showing unambiguous features of the Modern Indo-Aryan languages, precluding an emigration during the Middle Indic period.
Religion
The ancestors of modern-day Romani people were previously Hindu but adopted Christianity or Islam depending on their respective countries due to missionary activities.
Blessed Ceferino Gimenez Malla is considered a patron saint of the Romani people in Roman Catholicism. Saint Sarah, or Kali Sara, has also been worshipped as a patron saint in the same manner as the Blessed Ceferino GimŽnez Malla, but a transition has occurred in the 21st century, whereby Kali Sara is understood as an Indian deity brought from India by the refugee ancestors of the Roma people, thereby removing any Christian association. Saint Sarah is progressively being considered as "a Romani Goddess, the Protectress of the Roma" and an "indisputable link with Mother India".
Romani Language
Romani is any of several languages of the Romani people belonging to the Indo Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own.
Vlax Romani (about 900,000 speakers)
Balkan Romani (700,000)
Carpathian Romani (500,000)
Sinte Romani (300,000)
Some Romani communities speak mixed languages (Para-Romani)
The largest of these are, and. Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary - these are known by linguists are Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself. The differences between various varieties can be as big as, for example, differences between various Slavic languages.
Romani genocide
Under Adolf Hitler, a supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws was issued on 26 November 1935, classifying Gypsies as "enemies of the race-based state", thereby placing them in the same category as the Jews. Thus, in some ways, the fate of the Roma in Europe paralleled that of the Jews in the Jewish Holocaust.
Historians estimate that between 220,000 and 500,000 Romani were killed by the Germans.
Famous three personalities
Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin KBE was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, "The Tramp", and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry.
Pablo Picasso
Born : 25 October 1881
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso Málaga, Spain
Died : 8 April 1973 (aged 91) Mougins, France
Resting place : Château of Vauvenargues
Education : José Ruiz y Blasco (father) Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San
Fernando
Known for: Painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics, stage design,
writing
Notable work
La Vie (1903), Family of Saltimbanques (1905), Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910), Girl before a Mirror (1932), Le Rêve (1932), Guernica (1937), The Weeping Woman (1937)
Elvis Presley
He is famous as a Singer.
Born : January 8, 1935, Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S.
Died: August 16, 1977 (aged 42), Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Resting place: Graceland, Memphis, Tennessee
Occupation: Singer, actor
Awards: Presidential Medal of Freedom (ribbon).png Presidential Medal of Freedom (2018)
Genres: Rock and roll pop rockabilly country blues gospel rhythm and blues
Instruments: Vocals guitar piano
The Romani are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe and the Americas. Romani are widely known in the English-speaking world by the exonym "Gypsies" (or Gipsies) and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms; in their Romani language, they are known collectively as Romane or Romane (depending on the dialect).
Romani are widely dispersed, with their largest concentrated populations in Europe[citation needed], especially the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe and Anatolia, followed by the Kale of Iberia and Southern France[citation needed]. They arrived in Europe from the Middle East in the 14th century, either separating from the Dom people or, at least, having a similar history; the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between 6th and 11th century.
Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States; and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe. Brazil also includes Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era. In migrations since the late nineteenth century, Romani have also moved to Canada and countries in South America.
They are wandering and working at various places.
They have one dream that one day they will go to a native place and people will accept it.
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